Chú thích Mông_Cổ_xâm_lược_Khwarezmia

  1. ↑ The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Il-Khanate)
  2. ↑ Ratchnevsky, Paul. Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, tr. 120.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Nicolle, David. The Mongol Warlords
  4. ↑ Ibn Battuta's Trip: Part Three - Persia and Iraq (1326 - 1327)
  5. 1 2 3 Saunders, J. J. The History of the Mongol Conquests
  6. 1 2 Hildinger, Eric. Warriors of the Steppe: A Military History of Central Asia, 500 B.C. to A.D. 1700
  7. ↑ Soucek, Svatopluk A History of Inner Asia
  8. 1 2 Prawdin, Michael. The Mongol Empire.
  9. ↑ Ratchnevsky 1994, tr. 129.
  10. 1 2 Chambers, James. The Devil's Horsemen
  11. ↑ Kenneth Warren Chase (2003). Firearms: a global history to 1700 . Nhà in Đại học Cambridge. tr. 58. ISBN 0521822742. Truy cập 2011 November 28. Chinggis Khan organized a unit of Chinese catapult specialists in 1214, and these men formed part of the first Mongol army to invade Transoania in 1219. This was not too early for true firearms, and it was nearly two centuries after catapult-thrown gunpowder bombs had been added to the Chinese arsenal. Chinese siege equipment saw action in Transoxania in 1220 and in the north Caucasus in 1239-40.  Kiểm tra giá trị ngày tháng trong: |accessdate= (trợ giúp) Bảo trì CS1: Văn bản dư (link)
  12. ↑ The Mongol Warlords: Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, Hulegu, Tamerlane . Brockhampton Press. 1998. tr. 86. ISBN 1860194079. Truy cập 2011 November 28. Though he was himself a Chinese, he learned his trade from his father, who had accompanied Genghis Khan on his invasion of Muslim Transoxania and Iran. Perhaps the use of gunpowder as a propellant, in other words the invention of true guns, appeared first in the Muslim Middle East, whereas the invention of gunpowder itself was a Chinese achievement  Chú thích sử dụng tham số |coauthors= bị phản đối (trợ giúp); Kiểm tra giá trị ngày tháng trong: |accessdate= (trợ giúp); |đồng tác giả= cần |tác giả= (trợ giúp) Bảo trì CS1: Văn bản dư (link)
  13. ↑ Ahmad Hasan Dani, Chahryar Adle, Irfan Habib biên tập (2003). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast: from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. Volume 5 of History of Civilizations of Central Asia . UNESCO. tr. 474. ISBN 9231038761. Truy cập 2011 November 28. Indeed, it is possible that gunpowder devices, including Chinese mortar (huochong), had reached Central Asia through the Mongols as early as the thirteenth century.71 Yet the potential remained unexploited; even Sultan Husayn's use of cannon may have had Ottoman inspiration.  Chú thích sử dụng tham số |coauthors= bị phản đối (trợ giúp); Kiểm tra giá trị ngày tháng trong: |accessdate= (trợ giúp); |đồng tác giả= cần |tác giả= (trợ giúp) Bảo trì CS1: Văn bản dư (link)
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Morgan, David The Mongols
  15. ↑ Greene, Robert "The 33 Strategies of War"
  16. ↑ Central Asian world cities
  17. 1 2 3 Stubbs, Kim. Facing the Wrath of Khan.
  18. ↑ Mongol Conquests